Generic Name: triamcinolone
Brand and Other Names: Kenalog-10, Kenalog-40, Zilretta
Drug Class: Corticosteroids
What is triamcinolone, and what is it used for?
Triamcinolone is a synthetic corticosteroid drug used to treat inflammatory conditions that affect the skin, joints, and internal organs. Triamcinolone is a corticosteroid analog with chemical structure similar to the naturally occurring corticosteroid produced by the cortical region of the adrenal gland.
Triamcinolone is a potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating drug used to treat acute systemic inflammations from various conditions including autoimmune disorders.
Triamcinolone inhibits inflammatory signals and synthesis and release of inflammatory substances. Triamcinolone binds to and activates glucocorticoid receptors on cell membranes and produces multiple anti-inflammatory processes:
- Inhibits the activity of phospholipase A2, an enzyme that induces the release of arachidonic acid, a substance that initiates the inflammatory process with the synthesis of inflammatory substances such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes
- Reduces capillary permeability to prevent the leakage of inflammatory cells and proteins (cytokines) into the inflammation site
- Prevents migration and aggregation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), types of white cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils that release inflammatory substances
- Stabilizes the membranes of leukocyte lysosomes, the organelles inside the leukocytes that contain destructive enzymes
- Prevents migration of fibroblasts, cells that form an extracellular matrix, the supportive structure of all tissue, and prevents scar tissue formation
Triamcinolone is typically administered as injections into joints (intraarticular), skin lesions (intralesional), or into the muscle (intramuscular) for severe systemic inflammations when oral therapy is not feasible. Uses of triamcinolone include:
Intraarticular:
- Joint disorders: Gouty arthritis, acute and subacute bursitis, acute nonspecific tenosynovitis, epicondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and synovitis of osteoarthritis
Intralesional:
- Skin disorders: Discoid lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata, keloids, localized hypertrophic, infiltrated, inflammatory lesions of granuloma annulare, lichen planus, lichen simplex chronicus (neurodermatitis), psoriatic plaques, and necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum
Intramuscular:
- Severe allergic states: Asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, drug hypersensitivity reactions, perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis, serum sickness, and transfusion reactions
- Dermatologic diseases: Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, exfoliative erythroderma, mycosis fungoides, pemphigus, and severe erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
- Gastrointestinal conditions: Regional enteritis and ulcerative colitis
- Endocrine disorders: Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (not the first choice), congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypercalcemia associated with cancer, and nonsuppurative thyroiditis
- Blood disorders: Acquired (autoimmune) hemolytic anemia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, pure red cell aplasia, and selected cases of secondary thrombocytopenia
- Rheumatic disorders: As adjunctive therapy for short-term to tide over an acute episode in acute gouty arthritis; acute rheumatic carditis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and systemic lupus erythematosus
- Respiratory diseases: Berylliosis, fulminating or disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy, idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonias, and symptomatic sarcoidosis
- Kidney diseases: To promote urination and remission of protein in urine (proteinuria) associated with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome or lupus erythematosus
- Nervous system disorders: Acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, and cerebral edema associated with primary or metastatic brain tumor or craniotomy
- Cancers: Palliative management of leukemias and lymphomas
- Ophthalmic conditions: Sympathetic ophthalmia, temporal arteritis, uveitis, and ocular inflammatory conditions unresponsive to topical corticosteroids
- Others: Trichinosis with neurologic or myocardial involvement, and tuberculous meningitis with subarachnoid block or impending block with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy
Warnings
- Triamcinolone injectable suspension should be administered only as intraarticular or intramuscular (IM) injections. Do not use for intravenous (IV), intradermal, subcutaneous (SC), intraocular, epidural, or intrathecal injections. Epidural and intrathecal injections can cause serious neurological side effects including paralysis and stroke.
- Do not administer to patients who are hypersensitive to triamcinolone or any of its components.
- Do not use IM corticosteroid for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
- Do not use triamcinolone for cerebral malaria.
- Do not use in the presence of systemic fungal infection, except as intra-articular injection for localized joint conditions.
- Do not administer to newborns. Triamcinolone formulations contain benzyl alcohol which has been associated with potentially fatal toxicity (gasping syndrome) in newborns.
- Patients receiving immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids should not take live or live, attenuated vaccines.
- Corticosteroids may increase blood pressure, salt and water retention, and potassium excretion. Monitor for signs or symptoms such as edema, weight gain, and imbalance in serum electrolytes, in congestive heart failure or hypertensive patients.
- Corticosteroids can cause reversible suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and potential for adrenal sufficiency after discontinuation, lasting for months. Institute corticosteroid replacement therapy in situations of stress during that period.
- Corticosteroids can cause new onset or exacerbation of increased intraocular pressure. Monitor patients.
- There have been rare cases of anaphylaxis resulting in death. Exercise caution.
- If the IM injection is not given deep into the muscle, it can cause skin atrophy. Avoid the deltoid region and administer in the gluteal region instead.
- Corticosteroids use can cause bone loss, use with caution in patients with osteoporosis.
- Corticosteroids may cause mood and behavioral disturbances, caution the patient, family and caregivers.
- Prolonged use of corticosteroids may increase the risk of secondary infection, activate latent infections, mask acute infection, prolong or exacerbate viral infections, or limit response to killed or inactivated vaccines.
- Do not use to treat ocular herpes simplex, cerebral malaria, fungal infections, viral hepatitis or active tuberculosis (TB). Monitor patients with latent TB.
- Do not use in the management of head injury, increased mortality has been reported in patients receiving high-dose IV methylprednisolone to manage head injuries.
- Prolonged use of corticosteroids is associated with development of Kaposi sarcoma, consider discontinuing therapy.
- Use with caution in gastrointestinal disease because of perforation risk.
- Use with caution in myasthenia gravis, may exacerbate symptoms.
- Acute myopathy has been reported with high-dose corticosteroids given concomitantly with neuromuscular blocking agents or in patients with neuromuscular transmission disorders. It may involve ocular and/or respiratory muscles, monitor creatinine kinase.
- Use with caution in kidney function impairment, may cause fluid retention.
- Use with caution in patients with a history of seizure disorder, seizures have been reported with adrenal crisis.
- Changes in thyroid status may necessitate dosage adjustments.
- Septic arthritis may occur as a complication to intra-articular or soft tissues manifestation; institute appropriate antibacterial therapy as necessary.
- Corticosteroid use is associated with psychiatric disturbances and exacerbation of pre-existing psychiatric conditions.
QUESTION
Allergies can best be described as: See AnswerWhat are the side effects of triamcinolone?
Common side effects of triamcinolone include:
- Joint swelling
- Bruises (contusions)
- Cough
- Sinus inflammation (sinusitis)
- Irregular heart rhythm (cardiac arrhythmia)
- Slow or rapid heart rate (bradycardia or tachycardia)
- Heart enlargement (cardiomegaly)
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Cardiac failure
- Heart muscle rupture following recent heart attack
- Thickened heart muscle (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) in premature infants
- Cerebrovascular accident
- Circulatory shock
- Blood vessel inflammation (vasculitis)
- Blood clot block in blood vessels (thromboembolism)
- Vein inflammation with blood clots (thrombophlebitis)
- Fat embolism
- Fainting (syncope)
- Swelling (edema)
- Fluid retention
- Sodium retention
- Potassium loss
- High alkalinity of body fluids with low potassium (hypokalemic alkalosis)
- Negative nitrogen balance due to protein breakdown
- Decreased carbohydrate and glucose tolerance
- Manifestations of latent diabetes mellitus
- Excess sugar in urine (glycosuria)
- Increased requirements for insulin or medications for diabetes
- Increased susceptibility to infection
- Infection
- Nausea
- Hiccups
- Abdominal distention
- Change in bowel habits
- Peptic ulcer
- Ulcerative esophagitis
- Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage
- GI perforation
- Increased appetite
- Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)
- Liver enlargement (hepatomegaly)
- Elevated liver enzymes
- Bladder dysfunction
- Aseptic tissue death (necrosis) of femoral and humeral heads
- Calcium deposits in the skin tissue (calcinosis) after intraarticular or intralesional use
- Loss of muscle mass
- Muscle weakness
- Steroid muscle disease (myopathy)
- Tendon rupture
- Post injection flare (following intra-articular use)
- Joint disease (arthropathy)
- Brittle bones (osteoporosis)
- Fracture of long bones
- Vertebral compression fractures
- Development of cushingoid state with symptoms such as:
- Moon face
- Abnormal fat deposits
- Weight gain around the midsection and upper back
- Menstrual irregularities
- Postmenopausal vaginal hemorrhage
- Decrease in sperm quantity and motility
- Male pattern hair growth in women (hirsutism)
- Secondary adrenocortical and pituitary unresponsiveness (particularly in times of stress, as in trauma, surgery, or illness)
- Suppression of growth in pediatric patients
- Skin reactions such as:
- Acne
- Rash
- Hives (urticaria)
- Dry scaly skin
- Thin fragile skin
- Redness (erythema)
- Allergic dermatitis
- Skin tissue loss (cutaneous and subcutaneous atrophy)
- Discoloration and round spots (ecchymoses and petechiae)
- Purple spots (purpura)
- Stretch marks (striae)
- Lupus erythematosus-like lesions
- Changes in pigmentation (hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation)
- Impaired wound healing
- Increased sweating
Suppressed reactions to skin tests
- Thinning scalp hair
- Hypersensitivity reactions including:
- Swelling under the skin and mucous membrane (angioedema)
- Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
- Feeling unwell (malaise)
- Headache
- Vertigo
- Increased intracranial pressure (pseudotumor cerebri)
- Nerve inflammation (neuritis)
- Nerve disease (neuropathy)
- Numbness and tingling (paresthesia)
- Convulsions
- Depression
- Euphoria
- Emotional instability
- Mood swings
- Personality changes
- Psychiatric disorders
- Insomnia
Call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms or serious side effects while using this drug:
- Serious heart symptoms include fast or pounding heartbeats, fluttering in your chest, shortness of breath, and sudden dizziness;
- Severe headache, confusion, slurred speech, severe weakness, vomiting, loss of coordination, feeling unsteady;
- Severe nervous system reaction with very stiff muscles, high fever, sweating, confusion, fast or uneven heartbeats, tremors, and feeling like you might pass out; or
- Serious eye symptoms include blurred vision, tunnel vision, eye pain or swelling, or seeing halos around lights.
This is not a complete list of all side effects or adverse reactions that may occur from the use of this drug. Call your doctor for medical advice about serious side effects or adverse reactions. You may also report side effects or health problems to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
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What are the dosages of triamcinolone?
Injectable Suspension
- 10 mg/mL (Kenalog-10; intralesional or intra-articular administration)
- 40 mg/mL (Kenalog-40; IM or intra-articular administration)
- 80 mg/mL (Kenalog-40; IM or intra-articular administration)
Injectable, Powder for Reconstitution
- 32 mg/single-dose vial (Zilretta)
- When reconstituted, forms an extended-release suspension
Adult:
Rheumatic or Arthritic Disorders
- Treatment of rheumatic or arthritic disorders
- Kenalog-40: 60 mg intramuscular (IM) every 6 weeks; may be supplemented by additional 20-100 mg IM as needed
- Intra-articular/intrasynovial/soft-tissue injection (Kenalog-40): Large joints, 15-40 mg; small joints/tendon sheath inflammation, 2.5-10 mg
- Intra-articular injection (Kenalog-10): Large joints, 5-15 mg; small joints, 2.5-5 mg; single injections into several joints, up to a total of 20 mg or more have been given
Dermatoses
- Indicated for treatment of steroid-responsive dermatoses
- Intralesional injection (Kenalog-10): 1 mg per injection site 1 or more times weekly; not to exceed 30 mg/day
- Kenalog-10: Initial dose varies intralesional injection depending on specific disease and lesion being treated; may be repeated at weekly or less frequent intervals; multiple sites may be injected if they are 1 cm or more apart
Inflammatory and Allergic Systemic Conditions
- Kenalog-40 or Kenalog-80: 60 mg IM single injection; adjust dose to a range of 40-80 mg
- For patients with hay fever or pollen asthma who are not responding to pollen administration and other conventional therapy, a single injection of 40-100 mg per season may be given
- Kenalog-40 or Kenalog-80: 160 mg IM every day for 1 week, followed by 64 mg every other day for 1 month
Osteoarthritis (Zilretta)
- Indicated for management of osteoarthritis knee pain in adults
- Zilretta: 32 mg as a single intra-articular injection in the knee; not intended for repeat administration
Dosing Considerations
- Not interchangeable with other formulations of injectable triamcinolone acetonide
- Not suitable for use in small joints (e.g., hand)
Limitations of use
- Efficacy and safety of repeat administration of Zilretta have not been demonstrated
Pediatric:
Kenalog only; Zilretta safety and efficacy not established
Rheumatic or Arthritic Disorders
- Treatment of rheumatic or arthritic disorders
- Neonates: Not for use in neonates (contains benzyl alcohol)
- Children 6-12 years: 0.03-0.2 mg/kg IM every 1-7 days
- Children above 12 years: 60 mg IM every 6 weeks; may be supplemented by additional 20-100 mg IM as needed
- Children 12 years, intralesional injection (10 mg/mL suspension): 1 mg per injection site 1 or more times weekly; not to exceed 30 mg/day
Inflammatory and Allergic Systemic Conditions
- Initial dose of triamcinolone may vary depending on specific disease entity being treated
- 0.11-1.6 mg/kg/day IM divided every 3-4 hours
Overdose
- Triamcinolone is administered as an injection in a clinical setting and acute overdose is unlikely.
- For chronic overdose because of severe disease requiring continuous steroid therapy, the dosage of the corticosteroid may be reduced only temporarily, or alternate day treatment may be introduced.
- Overdose treatment is symptomatic and supportive therapy.
What drugs interact with triamcinolone?
Inform your doctor of all medications you are currently taking, who can advise you on any possible drug interactions. Never begin taking, suddenly discontinue, or change the dosage of any medication without your doctor’s recommendation.
- Severe interactions of triamcinolone include:
- Triamcinolone has serious interactions with at least 72 different drugs.
- Triamcinolone has moderate interactions with at least 229 different drugs.
- Triamcinolone has mild interactions with at least 121 different drugs.
The drug interactions listed above are not all of the possible interactions or adverse effects. For more information on drug interactions, visit the RxList Drug Interaction Checker.
It is important to always tell your doctor, pharmacist, or health care provider of all prescription and over-the-counter medications you use, as well as the dosage for each, and keep a list of the information. Check with your doctor or health care provider if you have any questions about the medication.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
- There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of triamcinolone use in pregnant women, however, animal studies show it may cause fetal harm. Use triamcinolone during pregnancy only if maternal benefits outweigh potential fetal risks.
- Triamcinolone is present in breast milk and may suppress growth, interfere with natural (endogenous) corticosteroid production, or cause other untoward effects in the breastfed infant. Use with caution in nursing mothers.
What else should I know about triamcinolone?
- Do not take live or live, attenuated vaccines while receiving triamcinolone treatment.
- Corticosteroids can increase susceptibility to infections. Take precautions to avoid exposure to infections.
- Report to your physician if you develop infections or severe allergic reactions.
- Corticosteroids may cause mood and behavioral disturbances, notify your physician if you notice any unexplained mood or behavioral changes.
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Summary
Triamcinolone is a synthetic corticosteroid drug used to treat inflammatory conditions that affect the skin, joints, and internal organs, and autoimmune disorders. Common side effects of triamcinolone include joint swelling, bruises (contusions), cough, sinus inflammation (sinusitis), irregular heart rhythm (cardiac arrhythmia), slow or rapid heart rate (bradycardia or tachycardia), heart enlargement (cardiomegaly), high blood pressure (hypertension), cardiac failure, heart muscle rupture, thickened heart muscle (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) in premature infants, cerebrovascular accident, circulatory shock, blood vessel inflammation (vasculitis), blood clot block in blood vessels (thromboembolism), and others.
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Osteoarthritis vs. Osteoporosis Differences and SimilaritiesArthritis is defined as painful inflammation and joint stiffness. Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis and the most common cause of chronic joint pain, affecting over 25 million Americans. Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that involves the entire joint. Osteoporosis is not a type of arthritis. It is a disease that mainly is caused by a loss of bone tissue that is not limited to the joint areas. It is possible for one person to have both osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. The differences in the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis include; pain, stiffness, and joint swelling, joint deformity, crackle sounds when the joint is moving, and walking with a limp. Osteoporosis is called the "silent disease" because it can progress for years without signs and symptoms before it is diagnosed, severe back pain, bone fractures, height loss, and difficulty or inability to walk. The differences in the causes of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are that osteoarthritis usually is caused by wear and tear on the joints. Osteoporosis usually is caused by one or more underlying problems, for example, calcium and vitamin D deficiencies. Treatment for osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are not the same. There is no cure for osteoarthritis or osteoporosis.
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What Is the Best Infusion for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?Learn the four most effective DMARDs for rheumatoid arthritis infusion therapy, which aim to control RA symptoms, reduce complications, and improve quality of life and lifespan.
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Cold, Flu, Allergy TreatmentsBefore treating a cold, the flu, or allergies with over-the-counter (OTC) medications, it's important to know what's causing the symptoms, which symptoms one wishes to relieve, and the active ingredients in the OTC product. Taking products that only contain the medications needed for relieving your symptoms prevents ingestion of unnecessary medications and reduces the chances of side effects.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis vs. ArthritisArthritis is a general term used to describe joint disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a type of arthritis in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing chronic inflammation.
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Hay FeverHay fever (allergic rhinitis) is an irritation of the nose caused by pollen and is associated with the following allergic symptoms: nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, eye and nose itching, and tearing eyes. Avoidance of known allergens is the recommended treatment, but if this is not possible, antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal sprays may help alleviate symptoms.
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What Causes Sudden Allergies in Adults?Can you develop allergies as an adult? Learn about what causes sudden adult-onset allergies and how you can recognize the symptoms.
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Food AllergyThe most common food allergies are to eggs, nuts, milk, peanuts, fish, shellfish, strawberries and tomatoes. Symptoms and signs of a food allergy reaction include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, itching, hives, eczema, asthma, lightheadedness, and anaphylaxis. Allergy skin tests, RAST, and ELISA tests may be used to diagnose a food allergy. Though dietary avoidance may be sufficient treatment for mild allergies, the use of an Epipen may be necessary for severe food allergies.
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Psoriatic ArthritisPsoriatic arthritis is a disease that causes skin and joint inflammation. Symptoms of psoriatic arthritis include painful, stiff, and swollen joints, tendinitis, and organ inflammation. Treatment involves anti-inflammatory medications and exercise.
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Eye AllergyEye allergy (or allergic eye disease) are typically associated with hay fever and atopic dermatitis. Medications and cosmetics may cause eye allergies. Allergic eye conditions include allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctivitis with atopic dermatitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis. Dry eye, tear-duct obstruction, and conjunctivitis due to infection are frequently confused with eye allergies. Eye allergies may be treated with topical antihistamines, decongestants, topical mast-cell stabilizers, topical anti-inflammatory drugs, systemic medications, and allergy shots.
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What Happens When You Have Lupus?Lupus is an autoimmune disease that occurs when your immune system begins to attack your own tissues and organs, resulting in these 12 common symptoms.
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Does Hand Grip Help With Arthritis?Because your hands are engaged in multiple functions every day, hand strength is a powerful predictor of your overall capacity to function and how severe your arthritis is.
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Fungal ArthritisFungal arthritis is inflammation of a joint by a fungus that has invaded the body and is growing in the normally sterile joint. Fungal arthritis symptoms and signs include pain, redness, loss of range of motion, and swelling. Fungal arthritis treatment includes antibiotics, adequate drainage of the joint, and sometimes surgery.
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What Are the 4 Types of Lupus?Lupus is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks healthy tissue. It affects the joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels, leading to inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organs.
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Can Rheumatoid Arthritis Affect Your Ability to Walk? 9 LimitationsRheumatoid arthritis can impair your walking ability and result in the following nine types of functional limitations.
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How Do You Calm Down an Allergy Attack?Here are thirteen tips to calm an allergy attack and put an end to constant sneezing, itching, and congestion.
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How Long Can You Live With Lupus Nephritis?With proper treatment, 80 to 90 percent of people with lupus nephritis are expected to live for their normal lifespan.
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Is Lupus a Fatal Disease?Despite lupus being a lifelong disease, most people live a long and healthy life after diagnosis.
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What Are the Symptoms of a Milk Allergy in Adults?Milk allergy reactions may cause immediate or delayed symptoms. Learn to spot the signs and what foods to avoid if you have a dairy allergy.
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Allergic CascadeThe allergic cascade refers to allergic reactions that happen in the body in response to allergens. A variety of immune cells and chemical messengers participate in the allergic cascade. Symptoms of the allergic cascade range from mild swelling and itching to full-blown anaphylactic shock. Allergen avoidance and medications are used to prevent or treat allergies.
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What Drugs Cause Drug-Induced Lupus?More than 40 drugs have been identified to cause drug-induced lupus, mainly those used to treat chronic conditions such as heart disease, thyroid disease, and hypertension.
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Indoor AllergensIndoor allergens are substances that can cause an allergic reaction in some people. Common sources of indoor allergens include dust mites, cockroaches, molds, pets, and plants. Avoiding indoor allergens is one way to reduce allergy and asthma symptoms.
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Can You Eat Avocado if You Have a Nut Allergy?Since avocado is classified as a fruit and not a tree nut, you should be able to eat avocados even if you have a nut allergy. However, some studies have shown that avocados have similar proteins as chestnuts. So if you’re allergic to chestnuts, you may have to avoid avocados.
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Can Rheumatoid Arthritis Be Caused by Stress?Rheumatoid arthritis can be caused by and result in stress, as well as other conditions such as gastrointestinal problems (IBD).
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Reactive ArthritisReactive arthritis is a chronic, systemic rheumatic disease characterized by three conditions, including conjunctivitis, joint inflammation, and genital, urinary, or gastrointestinal system inflammation. Inflammation leads to pain, swelling, warmth, redness, and stiffness of the affected joints. Non-joint areas may experience irritation and pain. Treatment for reactive arthritis depends on which area of the body is affected. Joint inflammation is treated with anti-inflammatory medications.
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How Long Does It Take for Allergic Conjunctivitis to Go Away?Without treatment, allergic conjunctivitis symptoms could last the entire time that your critical allergen is present — which can vary greatly.
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What Is Usually the First Sign of Lupus?Fatigue, fever, joint pain, and weight changes are usually the first signs of lupus. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system of the body attacks its healthy tissue. It affects joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys and blood vessels, leading to inflammation and tissue damage of the affected organs.
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Is Lupus and Lupus Anticoagulant the Same?Lupus is an autoimmune condition and lupus anticoagulant refers to antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Lupus and lupus anticoagulant are not the same.
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What Nuts Are the Worst for Allergies?A nut allergy develops when the body's immune system becomes oversensitive to a particular protein in a nut. Nuts that are the worst for allergies include peanuts, walnuts, pecans, almonds, Brazil nuts and pine nuts.
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What Is the Life Expectancy of a Child With Lupus?The five-year survival rate of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus is 100 percent, while the 10-year survival rate is 90 percent.
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Is It Possible to Be Allergic to Cinnamon?Cinnamon is a popular spice in many dishes. Cinnamon gives dishes a distinct flavor. Only a small percent of people experience allergic reactions after ingesting or coming into contact with cinnamon.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis vs. Ankylosing SpondylitisLearn the differences between rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis below.
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What Are the 12 Symptoms of Lupus?Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system of the body attacks healthy tissue. It affects joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels, leading to inflammation and tissue damage of the affected organs. More than 90% of cases occur in females. Fatigue, weakness, joint pain, and rash are some of the most common symptoms of lupus.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis vs. Lupus: Differences and SimilaritiesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus are two varieties of autoimmune diseases that cause flare-ups. While RA attacks the immune system on the joints, lupus involves many other parts of the body besides the joints. Common RA symptoms involve warm, swollen, and painful joints; morning stiffness in the joints or stiffness after inactivity, joint deformity, fever, fatigue, etc. Lupus symptoms include Malar rash (butterfly-shaped rash involving the cheeks and bridge of the nose), fever, joint pain in the absence of joint deformity, etc.
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How Can You Live With Arthritis in Your Back?Arthritis in the back can be extremely painful and in some cases debilitating. However, effective ways to manage and live with the condition.
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How Do You Get Energy When You Have Lupus?
If you are struggling with lupus fatigue, there are things you can do to boost your energy levels, such as making dietary changes and exercising regularly.
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Allergy Treatment Begins at HomeAvoiding allergy triggers at home is one of the best ways to prevent allergy symptoms. Controlling temperature, humidity, and ventilation are a few ways to allergy-proof the home. Cleaning, vacuuming, and using HEPA air filters also helps control allergies.
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Are Food Allergies Passed Down Genetically?A food allergy is a condition that causes your immune system to fight against a particular part of food — which is called an allergen. Food allergies can be hereditary — that is, parents can pass the likelihood of developing a food allergy to their children through genes that code for inherited traits.
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Breastfeeding With Rheumatoid ArthritisYou can breastfeed your baby even if you have rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, you must always consult your doctor before you start the process.
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Sinus Infection vs. AllergiesBoth sinus infections and allergies (allergic rhinitis) cause symptoms such as runny or stuffy nose and fatigue. Sinus infection (known as sinusitis) is inflammation of the sinuses, caused by infection from bacteria, viruses, and/or fungi (molds). Allergic rhinitis occurs when certain allergies cause nasal symptoms. When a person with allergies breathes in an allergen, such as pollen, dust, or animal dander, symptoms such as runny or stuffy nose, itching, sneezing, and fatigue occur.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis vs. Polymyalgia RheumaticaPolymyalgia rheumatica and rheumatoid arthritis are two diseases that manifest in a similar manner.
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How Do You Know If You Are Allergic to Mosquito Bites?Mosquito bite allergies can cause issues if untreated. Learn the signs of a mosquito bite allergy, what causes it, and what you can do to treat it.
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What Is the Fastest Way to Fix Seasonal Allergies?Seasonal allergies are common and tend to ramp up during the spring and summer. Learn about how to get rid of seasonal allergies fast with these 13 home remedies.
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What Are the Neurological Symptoms of Lupus?When lupus attacks the nervous system, it can lead to cognitive dysfunction and other neurological symptoms. Learn about neurological symptoms of lupus and how to manage them.
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Insect Sting AllergiesThe majority of stinging insects in the United States are from bees, yellow jackets, hornets, wasps, and fire ants. The severity of reactions to stings varies greatly. Avoidance and prompt treatment are essential. In selected cases, allergy injection therapy is highly effective.
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Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) affects one child in every thousand annually. There are six types of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis depends upon the type the child has and should focus on treating the symptoms.
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Latex AllergyLatex allergy is a condition where the body reacts to latex, a natural product derived from the rubber tree. The reaction can either be delayed and cause a skin rash or immediate, which can lead to anaphylaxis. Avoiding latex is the most effective way to prevent an allergic reaction.
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Is Lupus Contagious?Systemic lupus erythematosus in an inflammatory disease. Symptoms and signs include joint pain, fever, and rash. Though lupus is incurable, early medical intervention can help to reduce inflammation and protect the affected individual's organs.
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What Are the Best Treatments for Allergic Conjunctivitis?Learn what medical treatments can ease allergic conjunctivitis symptoms and help speed up your eye allergy recovery.
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Peanut AllergyPeanut allergies cause signs and symptoms that include hives, itching, redness, and a rash. Severe reactions may cause decreased blood pressure, lightheadedness, difficulty breathing, nausea, and behavioral changes. Someone with a peanut allergy should have an EpiPen with them at all times.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis vs. FibromyalgiaThough rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia have similar symptoms, RA is an autoimmune disease and fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome. RA symptoms include joint redness, swelling, and pain that lasts more than 6 weeks. Fibromyalgia symptoms include widespread pain, tingling feet or hands, depression, and bowel irritability. Home remedies for both include stress reduction, exercise, and getting enough sleep.
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Is Crohn's Disease Related to Rheumatoid Arthritis?Since Crohn’s disease causes inflammation of the body, including the joints, sufferers are at a greater risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
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What Causes Allergy Flare-ups?During certain seasons, allergies can make you miserable. Learn what causes allergy flare-ups during spring and summer.
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What Is Neuropsychiatric Lupus?Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease. When lupus affects the brain and spinal cord and other nerves, it is called neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.
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How Do I Know If It's Carpal Tunnel or Arthritis?Carpal tunnel syndrome and arthritis have different etiologies; thus, they manifest differently in the hand. Your doctor may subject you to physical examination, radiological tests, and neurological evaluation to diagnose.
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What Is the Most Common Tree Nut Allergy?The most common nut allergies are cashew, walnut, hazelnut and pistachio. In the U.S. the most common nut allergy is cashew, followed by walnut. In the U.K. the most common nut allergy is hazelnut.
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Why Won’t My Allergy Symptoms Go Away?Allergies happen when your body's immune system reacts to certain substances as though they are harmful. Allergy symptoms may not go away unless you avoid your triggers, stick to your medications, find the right combination of medications, and consider surgery.
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Can Fall Allergies Cause Sinus Headaches?Fall allergies can cause symptoms such as sneezing, congestion, and sinus headache. Learn more about causes, treatment, and prevention of fall allergies.
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Osteoarthritis vs. Rheumatoid ArthritisOsteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic joint disorders. RA is also an autoimmune disease. OA and RA symptoms and signs include joint pain, warmth, and tenderness. Over-the-counter pain relievers treat both diseases. There are several prescription medications that treat RA.
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Drug AllergyDrug or medication allergies are caused when the immune system mistakenly creates an immune response to a medication. Symptoms of a drug allergic reaction include hives, rash, itchy skin or eyes, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, fainting, and anxiety. The most common drugs that people are allergic to include penicillins and penicillin type drugs, sulfa drugs, insulin, and iodine. Treatment may involve antihistamines or corticosteroids. An EpiPen may be used for life-threatening anaphylactic symptoms.
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COVID-19 vs. AllergiesThough there is some overlap in allergy and COVID-19 signs and symptoms there are also significant differences. Symptoms that they have in common include headache, fatigue, tiredness, shortness of breath, wheezing, and sore throat. Fever does not occur with allergies but is one of the defining symptoms of COVID-19 infections.
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How Can I Help My Child With a Peanut Allergy?Since there is no cure for peanut allergies, prevention and keeping an epinephrine injector (EpiPen) on hand is key to helping your child’s allergy.
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Who Is Most Likely to Get Lupus Nephritis? SymptomsThe six risk factors for developing lupus nephritis include the following.
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Non-Radiographic Axial SpondyloarthritisNon-radiographic spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) is inflammatory arthritis that mainly affects the joints of the spine. Morning stiffness and back pain are the usual symptoms of non-radiographic spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA).
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What Foods Cause Oral Allergy Syndrome?Oral allergy syndrome, also called pollen food allergy syndrome or PFAS, is a type of food allergy caused by certain allergens found in both pollen and raw vegetables and fruits and some nuts. Foods that cause oral allergy syndrome include those in the birch, grass and ragweed families.
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Is Food Intolerance the Same as Food Allergy?Food intolerance is a condition in which an individual has difficulty in digesting certain foods. Consumption of these foods manifests as physical symptoms such as bloating, loose motion, gases, and bellyache. Food intolerance is quite common. Most people are aware of the foods that disagree with them.
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What Are the Symptoms of Ragweed Allergy?The common symptoms of ragweed allergy are sneezing, runny nose, itchy, watery red eyes, headache, nasal congestion, eye swelling, rashes and coughing.
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Is Allergic Conjunctivitis the Same as Conjunctivitis?Allergic conjunctivitis may occur along with sneezing, runny nose, or sinus headache. Many people also find that they are tired and feel agitated.
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Quackery of ArthritisArthritis patients are sometimes vulnerable to quackery (the business of promoting unproven remedies). These "quick fix" treatments are promoted as cure-alls, but they really have no right to such claims. Consumers should be wary of products that have marketing claims like "will cure," "ancient remedy," "has no side effects," and "revolutionary new scientific breakthrough." Read about arthritis remedies and tests that have no scientific proof of benefits.
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14 Early Signs of Arthritis in the LegsLeg arthritis affects the joints of the hips, knees, ankles or feet. The early signs and symptoms of arthritis in the legs include pain, swelling, stiffness, decreased range of motion, trouble walking, fever, bump-like swelling, and other symptoms.
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How Do You Get Tested for Food Allergies?If you develop symptoms of a food allergy, your doctor will have you undergo a skin test or blood test to determine which foods you are allergic to.
Treatment & Diagnosis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): 17 Warning Signs of Serious Complications
- Is Inflammatory Arthritis the Same as Rheumatoid Arthritis?
- Lupus Nephritis Treatment
- Rheumatoid Arthritis vs. Osteoarthritis
- Are Corticosteroids Safe for Pregnant and Nursing Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis?
- Patient Story: Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms
- 5 Surprising Facts About Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Patient Story: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Pregnancy
- Psoriasis, Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis Share One Gene
- Sesame Seed Allergy: A Growing Problem?
- Are Hives Always Caused by an Allergy?
- Arthritis Roller Coaster
- Arthritis - Whether Weather Affects Arthritis
- Arthritis Medications
- Questions To Ask Your Doctor - Allergy
- Is Lupus Genetic?
- Does Double-Stranded DNA Mean You Have Lupus?
- Does Glucosamine Cream Work for Arthritis?
- Does Lupus Affect the Spine?
- What Is ANA-Negative Lupus?
- Can Lupus Cause Hip Pain?
- Can Milk Allergy Cause Rheumatoid Arthritis?
- Osteoarthritis of the Hands
- How Is Arthritis Diagnosed?
- Can UCTD Turn into Lupus?
- Does Lipitor Help Rheumatoid Arthritis?
- Do Allergy Drugs Interact with Synthroid?
- Is Lupus Hereditary?
- Allergy to Stinging Insects Can Be Life Threatening
- Osteoarthritis Symptoms
- Lupus: Pain in Neck & Back
From 
Allergies Resources
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_triamcinolone_kenalog_trivaris/drugs-condition.htm
https://reference.medscape.com/drug/Kenalog-10-kenalog-40-triamcinolone-acetonide-injectable-suspension-342748
https://reference.medscape.com/drug/Zilretta-triamcinolone-acetonide-extended-release-injectable-suspension-1000219
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/triamcinolone-systemic-drug-information
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/012041s045lbl.pdf
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/014901Orig1s047lbl.pdf
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208845s000lbl.pdf